2005年中国气态α HCH的人体暴露和健康风险分析

为评估由我国大气中α HCH所导致的人体健康风险,利用CanMETOP 模拟的2005年日均α HCH大气浓度,基于吸入因子和致癌风险进行研究。结果表明年吸入因子呈东部>西部,北部>南部的特征，东中和东北部地区的吸入因子分别主要由人口密度和α HCH大气浓度贡献，东中和东南部地区的个体健康损失小于东北地区，东中和东南部地区年内逐月吸入因子分配较为均匀,而东北地区主要集中的夏季，东北地区个体致癌风险系数明显高于中部和南部。推测由其它污染物所形成的暴露风险具有类似的时空分布。加之夏季东北地区集中降水所形成的湿沉降以及气温升高等因素,使摄食暴露和皮肤接触暴露增大,东北地区人群的复合暴露风险将显著大于其它地区     

In vivo screening to determine hazards of nanoparticles: Nanosized TiO2

A single-species laboratory test with terrestrial invertebrates was used to identify the hazard of nanosized TiO₂. Feeding parameters, weight change, mortality, and the activities of catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were evaluated after 3 or 14 days of dietary exposure. The effects of nano-TiO₂ were dependent on exposure concentration and duration, total consumed quantity, size and pre-treatment of particles. The intensity of a response was ruled by duration of exposure and not by consumed quantity of nano-TiO₂ or exposure concentration as expected. The response to nano-TiO₂ is described as threshold-like. The exposure concentrations 10-1000 μg TiO₂/g dry food (1.35-1025 μg of total consumed quantity of TiO₂/g animal wet wt.) were identified as safe for tested species after tested exposure period. We conclude that the response to nanoparticles is different from that of soluble chemicals therefore these two types of data should be interpreted and processed differently.     

Biomonitoring of pyrethroid exposure among rural and urban populations in northern Poland

The aim of this study was to determine for the first time in Poland, levels of exposure to synthetic pyrethroids in preschool and school age children and their parents living in urban and rural areas. For this purpose concentrations of pyrethroid metabolites: 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA), 2,2-dibromovinyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid (Br₂CA), cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (cis-Cl₂CA) and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (trans-Cl₂CA) were determined in 374 urine samples using a validated GC–MS method.     

水环境中苯氯乙酮的环境安全阈值

研究了苯氯乙酮(CN)对大白鼠灌胃亚慢性毒性试验和对藻类急性毒性试验,分别获得了苯氯乙酮对大白鼠最小有伤害剂量为2.032mg·kg-1,最大无伤害作用剂量为0.812 mg·kg-1,对藻类半数生长抑制浓度(96 h EC50)为0.360 mg·L-1,并运用EPA水环境质量基准方法及欧盟风险评价技术指南的相关方法,推算出水环境中CN的环境安全阈值为0 36 μg·L-1.     

广州市氮氧化物的数值模拟及暴露影响评价

主要介绍了大气暴露风险评价ADMER模式的模块组成及其主要功能,并利用该模式对广州地区常规的氮氧化物进行了暴露风险评价研究.利用中尺度气象模式模拟的5km气象场数据和收集整理的年平均污染排放源资料进行了大气污染扩散模拟计算.结果表明,无论是氮氧化物的浓度值还是其时空变化趋势,ADMER模式模拟的结果与实际观测均较一致,相关系数达0.76.氮氧化物的浓度高值出现在冬春季节,夏季的浓度相对较低,这主要是受气象场条件的影响.空间场上,氮氧化物的高值区位于广州地区的西南和中部,与工业大点源以及地面源排放的分布一致,而广州地区东北部氮氧化物的浓度值相对较低.在浓度评估的基础上,对暴露人口也进行了估算.由于广州是广东省的主要人口密集区,所以,定量化暴露人口对于进一步开展污染控制减排策略有一定的指示意义.     

Assessment of locomotion behavioral defects induced by acute toxicity from heavy metal exposure in nematode Caenorhabditis elegans

Locomotion behaviors are susceptible to disruption by a broad spectrum of chemicals and environmental stresses. However, no systematic testing of locomotion behavior defects induced by metal exposure has been conducted in the model organism of nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. In this study, the acute toxicity from heavy metal exposure on the locomotion behaviors was analyzed in nematodes. Endpoints of head thrash, body bend, forward turn, backward turn, and Omega/U turn were chosen to evaluate the locomotio...     

再生水利用健康风险暴露评价

结合北京市再生水利用工程,建立了再生水用于公园绿化、道路降尘和冲洗作业时,职业人群和公众的暴露评价方法和评价模型,通过现场调研和监测分析,首次提出了再生水利用暴露人群的再生水日摄入量和终生日均暴露剂量,为健康危险度分析提供定量依据.其中公园绿化职业人群通过皮肤和吸入的日均总摄入量为0.07L/d,公众为0.04～0.05L/d,消毒副产物的日均暴露剂量为:职业人群经呼吸途径终生日均暴露剂量为2.8×10^-7～1.2×10^-5mg·(kg·d)^{-1相似文献}   

现代环境与人体健康研究综述

环境与健康是人类永恒的主题。本文介绍了环境与健康的关系,总结了在全球气候变化、臭氧层损耗、生物多样性的丧失、土地荒漠化和干旱、环境污染以及城市化等多方面给人类健康带来的影响,探讨了人体总暴露研究、地理信息系统技术在本领域的应用,最后概括了我国在这一领域的研究现状。     

实验室加速试验与自然暴露试验差异性研究

对同一批次涂层体系试验样品分别进行实验室加速试验和自然环境暴露试验,对不同试验状态考核检测结果进行分析,重点从试验时间、试验腐蚀环境严酷度对2种试验方法与检测结果的差异性进行了分析,对实验室加速试验检测考核涂层体系存在的主要问题和改进思路进行了分析探讨.